Data

Since the mid-1980s, Member States of the WHO European Region have been reporting essential health-related statistics to the Health for All (HFA) family of databases, making it one of WHO’s oldest sources of data. As it is based on reported data, rather than estimates, the HFA family of databases is also particularly valuable.

HFA databases bring together the indicators that are part of major monitoring frameworks relevant to the Region, such as Health 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals. The indicators cover basic demographics, health status, health determinants and risk factors, as well as health care resources, expenditures and more.

HFA databases allow access to regional, national and some subnational indicators and metadata, which are visualized through interactive online tools in the Health for All explorer. Data, metadata, graphs and maps can be exported or shared online and on social media.

The following abbreviations are used in the indicator titles:

• SDR: age-standardized death rates (see HFA-DB user manual/Technical notes, page 13, for details)
• FTE: full-time equivalent
• PP: physical persons
• PPP$: purchasing power parities expressed in US $, an internationally comparable scale reflecting the relative domestic purchasing powers of currencies.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming how health systems are designed, delivered, and governed across the WHO European Region. As AI continues to evolve, it is increasingly shaping the way countries plan health services, manage data, and make strategic decisions. In recognition of this shift, the 2024–2025 Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Health Care provides the first region-wide assessment of where Member States stand in terms of policies, regulations, strategies, data governance, adoption, and workforce preparedness for AI in health.

This dataset builds directly on the findings of that survey, offering a comprehensive, data-driven overview of the AI for health landscape across 50 Member States.

The dataset is structured around seven key thematic areas that capture the essential dimensions of AI readiness and implementation:

• Strategic Context: reviews national AI strategies, policies, action plans or equivalent documents, as well as their oversight and implementation mechanisms.
• Regulatory Context: presents in detail the legislative measures taken to govern AI for health care, including ethical guidelines, risk management approaches, legal liability standards, and the roles of regulatory agencies responsible for approving or adopting AI systems.
• Health Data Governance: examines national health data strategies and governance frameworks, including the establishment of health data authorities, the use of health data hubs (centralized or shared repositories/platforms), and the regulation of secondary use of health data.
• AI Applications for Health: focuses on the common applications and use cases of AI in healthcare.
• AI Opportunities for Health: Explores the perceived opportunities driving the development, testing, or deployment of AI in health systems.
• AI Adoption Barriers: highlights the key challenges and barriers to the widespread adoption of AI in the health sector, such as infrastructure gaps, limited financing, workforce constraints, and issues of trust or interoperability.
• AI Capacity Building: provides an overview of how Member States are preparing an AI-ready workforce in healthcare, including pre- and in-service training initiatives, as well as the creation of new AI and data science roles within the health sector.

 Together, these seven areas encompass 75 indicators, offering a detailed and comparable picture of AI maturity across the Region. The dataset serves as both a baseline and a benchmarking tool, enabling policymakers, researchers, and partners to assess how Member States are advancing toward the ethical, secure, and sustainable deployment of AI in health care.

Assistive products such as spectacles, hearing aids, communication devices and wheelchairs can have a profound impact on people’s lives. Access to appropriate, quality assistive technology can mean the difference between enabling or denying education for a child, participation in the workforce for an adult, or the opportunity to maintain independence and age with dignity for an older person.

The EPW measurement framework includes 26 indicator areas of high importance to monitor progress towards leaving no one behind. It encompasses a subset of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets and outcome indicators included in the GPW13 WHO Impact Framework as a basis. The indicators selected from this framework are then complemented with additional indicators found in other frameworks throughout the European Region. It also uses a concrete milestone to be achieved by 2025, to ensure that the measurement framework is well aligned with the European context.

“Empowerment through Digital Health” is a regional flagship initiative in the European Programme of Work (EPW) (2020-2025). Accordingly, the WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) published “The ongoing journey to commitment and Transformation: Digital health in the WHO European Region 2023” report. It presents an overview of the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region.

Building on the report, this dataset presents 52 digital health country profiles, covering numerous digital health themes. These include national digital health governance frameworks, funding and investment in digital health, digital health literacy, electronic health records, telehealth and mobile health programmes, big data and analytics, among others. These themes, covered by 74 indicators, provide insight into how each Member State strategically navigates the swiftly evolving landscape of digital health in the Region.

For more information:

Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region: digital health country profiles. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024.

The ongoing journey to commitment and transformation: digital health in the WHO European Region, 2023. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2023.

European mortality database allows age- and sex-specific analysis of mortality trends by broad disease-groups, as well as dis-aggregated to 67 specific causes of death. Data reach back to 1980. 
The data is taken from the WHO Global Mortality database, available at: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/mortality_data/en/

Rehabilitation aims to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment. It is a cost-effective service that anyone may need at some point in their lives. Universal health coverage and the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be achieved without access to quality rehabilitation services without financial hardship.

For more information on this dataset, the wide range and high prevalence of conditions that are amenable to rehabilitation and resources that can support the strengthening of rehabilitation within health systems, please visit: http://www.who.int/europe/health-topics/rehabilitation

For more information on how WHO is assisting Member States in evaluating their existing rehabilitation services, and to expand them to provide accessible and quality rehabilitation programs, please visit: http://www.who.int/europe/health-topics/rehabilitation

The European Health Information Gateway is available in English and in Russian. A library of tutorials including videos is offered.

This dataset presents the prevalence and resulting years lived with disability of seven groups of diseases and injuries that are amendable to rehabilitation. All estimates are presented in cases per 100 000 population. For every graph, mousing over will display information boxes.

Select an indicator to explore the data. When selecting “See full graph”, bar charts for every year for which data is available (1990–2019) are displayed. The evolution over time can be viewed as a slideshow. The tabs “Graph”, “Table”, and “Notes” provide further options and information for exploring the data. Graphs can be downloaded as images with different file formats available using the triple bar icon in the top right corner of the graph. Furthermore, data can be exported in CVS or Excel file format.

Total prevalence and total years lived with disability are available as stacked bar charts. For each group of diseases and injuries, data is disaggregated by sex when selecting “See full graph”.

Health-enhancing physical activity
This dataset presents country information about health-enhancing physical activity policy implementation. It provides an overview of information on a group of indicators regarding physical activity monitoring and surveillance, recommendations, cross-sectoral approach, and national actions on several sectors such as health, sports, education, urban planning, transports, public awareness, etc.
Data has been collected by the WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases at the Division of Country Health Programmes, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, in collaboration with the Sport Unit at the Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture, European Commission.

Data was published in the 'Health-enhancing physical activity in the European Union, 2024’, report available in English: 

https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/379360

HlthRes-DB provides a wide range of statistics on human and technical resources for health and offers data on non-monetary health care resources collected through the joint work of the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and WHO/Europe. It contains indicators on human resources for health.

The European Health Information Gateway is available in English and in Russian. A library of tutorials including videos is available.

 For every graph, mousing over will display information boxes. Select an indicator to explore the data. When selecting “See full graph”, bar charts for every year for which data is available are displayed. The evolution over time can be viewed as a slideshow. The tabs “Graph”, “Table”, and “Notes” provide further options and information for exploring the data. Graphs can be downloaded as images with different file formats available using the triple bar icon in the top right corner of the graph. Furthermore, data can be exported in CVS or Excel file

ENHIS is an evidence-based information system aiming to support public health and environmental policies in the WHO European Region. The system is an interactive database, composed of country-level indicators and regional assessments (fact sheets). The fact sheets also include information on how data is obtained and how the indicators are calculated. ENHIS indicators provide information on exposures, health outcomes and policy actions related to the environment and health priority areas for the European Region known as Regional Priority Goals (RPGs)

Monitoring financial protection in the European Region in the context of universal health coverage

The dataset present information about child and adolescent health. It provides a set of statistics based on indicators related to the health and well-being of children and adolescents. The statistics were collated from a variety of databases as a joint effort between WHO programs, collaborating centres and partners. The database was constructed for the purpose of supporting the WHO Europe strategy Investing in Children (2014), providing the relevant information for monitoring progress on child and adolescent health indicators in the 53 member states of the WHO European Region. 

Data on seasonal influenza vaccination policies and coverage (2008/2009-2014/2015) was collected by VENICE (Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort) through the National Gatekeepers and Contact Points in the EU/EEA Member States (http://venice.cineca.org/) and supported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Data on seasonal influenza vaccination policies and coverage (2008/2009-2014/2015) in the non-EU/EEA Member States was collected by the WHO Regional Office for Europe through a survey in 2015. Andorra, Monaco and San Marino were not included in this survey.

Since data on influenza vaccine recommendations were not collected for the EU/EEA countries in the 2008/2009 and 2013/2014 seasons, information from the 2007/2008 and 2012/2013 seasons were used as a proxy for vaccination policies in 2008/2009 and 2013/2014 respectively for these countries.

As of 2015/2016, data has been collected for all Member States by the WHO Regional Office for Europe through the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF), which is completed yearly by the national immunization managers. In some instances, additional data has been obtained from official national reports on influenza vaccination.

Year describes the first year of the influenza season (northern hemisphere). For example, 2009 means 2009/2010 influenza season. No data (ND) can mean (1) Data on vaccine policies not reported or not known (2) data on vaccination coverage not reported, (3) vaccination coverage not monitored. Coverage is labelled "not applicable" in the case that vaccination is not recommended (i.e. there is no monitoring of vaccination coverage). This applies to all risk groups. It should be noted that definition of target groups recommended for influenza vaccination varies by Member State and that definitions may have changed over time. Hence data on vaccination coverage may not be directly comparable between countries and national trends should be interpreted with caution.

This is an aggregated dataset underlying the WHO international report on health behavior of school-aged children, conducted in 2016 and 2018. Find the latest report here: http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2020/who-report-on-health-behaviours-of-1115-year-olds-in-europe-reveals-more-adolescents-are-reporting-mental-health-concerns.

HBSC teams provided disaggregated data for Belgium, United Kingdom and Denmark. Belgium data is presented as Belgium (Flanders – collected in Flemish) and Belgium (Wallonia and Brussels – collected in French). United Kingdom data is presented as England, Scotland and Wales. Data from Greenland is presented separately from Denmark.
The average is the HBSC average, presented is based on equal weighting of each region, regardless of differences in achieved sample size or country population. Countries are marked where there was a significant gender difference in prevalence.
The HBSC research network is an international alliance of researchers that collaborate on the cross-national survey of school students: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). The HBSC collects data every four years on 11-, 13- and 15-year-old boys' and girls' health and well-being, social environments and health behaviours. These years mark a period of increased autonomy that can influence how their health and health-related behaviours develop. As such, the HBSC study is the product of topic-focused groups that collaborate to develop the conceptual foundations of the study, identify research questions, decide the methods and measurements to be employed, and work on data analyses and the dissemination of findings.
The HBSC Network is committed to increasing transparency in its work whilst preserving their intellectual property. The data is available for external use by agreement with the HBSC International Coordinator and the Principal Investigators. Information on how to request further data can be found on www.hbsc.org.

This data set presents information about maternal nutrition, the prevention of obesity and noncommunicable disease. It provides an overview and explores what national recommendations for nutrition, physical activity and weight gain during pregnancy are in place in the Member States of the WHO European Region.

This data set describes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from the WHO European Region gathered through the Central Asian and Eastern European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (CAESAR) network and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). The data set aims to create awareness about antibiotic resistance situation and advocate AMR control policies in participating countries. Data is available for 19 countries and Kosovo (in accordance with United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999)) within CAESAR, and 30 countries within EARS-Net; with remaining WHO European Region Member States marked as “Did not participate in survey” in the dataset.

CAESAR-specific questions not applicable to EARS-Net countries are also marked as “Did not participate in survey”.

Those countries that did not respond to a specific question are marked as "No response" for that question only. Data has been collected by the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance Programme at the Division of Health Emergencies and Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe and the ECDC EARS-Net. Current data is available for multiple years for CAESAR and EARS-Net, and future data collection is foreseen.

CAESAR: Data was collected from the national AMR focal points. Data was published in the Central Asian and Eastern European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance annual reports available online in English and Russian http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/antimicrobial-resistance/surveillance/central-asian-and-eastern-european-surveillance-of-antimicrobial-resistance-caesar

EARS-Net: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Data from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). ECDC Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/surveillance-atlas-infectious-diseases

Geographical coverage

CAESAR countries and areas: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Serbia, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Kosovo (in accordance with United Nations Security Council resolution 1244(1999)).

EARS-Net countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Data quality

Level B data provides an indication of the resistance patterns present in clinical settings in the country, but the proportion of resistance should be interpreted with care. Improvements are needed to attain a more valid assessment of the magnitude and trends of AMR in the country. Levels of evidence are only provided for CAESAR countries and areas.

This dataset provides information about national strategies, action plans and policies in the field of nutrition and promotion of healthy diets. It provides an overview of information on selected indicators from the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Survey.
 
A comprehensive online questionnaire containing nine sections was developed by WHO to facilitate reporting against the WHO European Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2015-2020.
 
Web-based versions of the questionnaires were circulated to 53 WHO European Member States during the second half of 2016 and the majority of responses were received before March 2017. The questionnaire was available in English, French, Russian, and Spanish, and was prefilled with existing information contained in WHO databases. An abbreviated questionnaire was developed as an offline PDF form and disseminated in January 2017 to obtain information from Member States that had not completed the full online questionnaire. The abbreviated version of the questionnaire contained 42 questions covering the top-level questions, but without the level of detail requested in the full online questionnaires. Responses from Member States were received until September 2017. A total of 49 countries responded to the questionnaire, equivalent to 92% of the WHO European region Member States. Not all countries responded to all sections of the questionnaire. The report gives priority to those indicators most relevant to our policy frameworks and for which most complete information is available. Where possible more detailed information is included, but this may be for smaller numbers of countries that had responded to the full questionnaire or for which policies, protocols, guidelines and regulations were available to the team. Where a country did not respond, it is counted as "No response". Throughout the report, no answers have been excluded from the data presentations, thus denominators may vary within the same section.
 
The data reported by Member States were validated to the fullest extent possible. The survey responses were validated against the documents submitted by Member States and against other resources, such as previous WHO publications, academic literature, partner agency databases as well as regional monitoring initiatives. After careful review, respondents were contacted to obtain any missing information or to seek clarification if necessary, with further documentation requested in certain cases. The WHO Country Offices also provided further verification of some nutrition actions implemented in Member States.
 
Data has been collected by the Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme at the Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe together with the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization Headquarters. Current data is available for 2017 and future data collection is foreseen.
 
Funding for the data collection and analysis was partially provided by the European Commission Directorate General for Health and Food Safety. We also acknowledge the support of funding from the Government of the Russian Federation within the context of the WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office).

Member States of the European Region of WHO have adopted the European strategy for Child and Adolescent Health and Development 2015-2020. Its aim is to support member states in developing strategies and policies to reduce the burden of avoidable disease, disability and mortality of children and adolescents, and for them to achieve their full potential and development.

The data presented here was collected by the Child and Adolescent Health Programme at the Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.

The dataset is based on selected aspects reported by Member States in the baseline survey on the implementation of the European child and adolescent health strategy 2015-2020 as well as data from the WHO country profiles on child and adolescent health.

Questionnaires were sent to ministries of health of the 53 countries in the WHO EURO region on areas related to the strategy, to document how well policies are aligned with the Strategy. Albania, Greece, Italy, Monaco, San Marino did not participate in the survey and are marked as “did not participate’’. In cases where countries did not respond to a particular question, these were marked as “no response’’ and where no responses were required, these were marked as “answer not required’’.

Health 2020 core indicators were agreed by the WHO European Region Member States for monitoring progress towards the Health 2020 targets. Some of these indicators are based on official WHO sources and other are based on non-WHO sources, such as UNESCO and UNDP. Data from WHO sources can be accessed and queried at national level, while data from non-WHO sources is available in aggregated form, for groups of Member States.

Data provided by Member States in the 2015 WHO Global eHealth Survey and highlights the key messages and trends identified. Published in the European eHealth report 2016. In total, 46 Member States from the WHO European Region responded to the survey.
The report is available at: http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/from-innovation-to-implementation-ehealth-in-the-who-european-region-2016

The joint monitoring framework (JMF) is used for reporting on indicators under three monitoring frameworks: the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Health 2020 and the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) 2013–2020. The Regional Committee for Europe adopted the JMF in September 2018.

The majority of JMF indicators in the Gateway are linked to existing databases in the Gateway.

Background documents

EUR/RC68/10 Rev.1 Briefing note on the expert group deliberations and recommended common set of indicators for a joint monitoring framework
http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/governance/regional-committee-for-europe/past-sessions/68th-session/documentation/working-documents/eurrc6810-

EUR/RC68(1): Joint monitoring framework in the context of the roadmap to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, building on Health 2020, the European policy for health and well-being
http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/governance/regional-committee-for-europe/past-sessions/68th-session/documentation/resolutions/eurrc68d1

Developing a common set of indicators for the joint monitoring framework for SDGs, Health 2020 and the Global NCD Action Plan (2017)
http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-policy/health-2020-the-european-policy-for-health-and-well-being/publications/2018/developing-a-common-set-of-indicators-for-the-joint-monitoring-framework-for-sdgs,-health-2020-and-the-global-ncd-action-plan-2017