Albania

Source: Ministry of High School.

Austria

Source of data: Statistics Austria, Higher Education Statistics.
Coverage:
- Data exclude foreign medical dentist graduates.
- Up to 1997, dentists were included in \Medical graduates\". Before October 1998

Belarus

Source of data: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of statistical handbooks
(1980 009gg.) And primary forms of non-centralized state statistical observations provided medical
schools (1993 to 2011).
Break in time series: 1990, 1993.
Data for 1980-1989 and for 1991-92 the dental faculty and alumni were included in the category of
medical graduates.

Belgium

Source of data: Communaute francaise et Vlaamse Gemeenschap.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Source: Federal office of statistic

Bulgaria

Source of data: National Statistical Institute, Exhaustive annual survey
Reference period: 31st December
The specialties for medical doctors, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and nursing are taught in
public higher schools. Ministry of Education, Youth and Science is determining annually plan scheme
(limits for new entrants) for each specialty in public higher schools, which varies at different
years according to national needs. Thus, the number of enrolments and respectively graduates are
varying during the different years. The reported data represents the real number of graduations.
For 1985 and 1995 ? excluding foreign students.

Croatia

Source of data:ÿCroatian Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia

Cyprus

Data not available.

Czechia

Czech Republic

Source of data: Ministry of education, youth and sports.
Coverage: Foreigners who graduated in the Czech Republic are included since 2001.

Denmark

Source of data: National Board of Health, Register of Authorised Health Personnel.

Estonia

Source of data:
- State Statistical Office, annual reporting.
- Ministry of Education and Research.
Reference period: Given year.

Finland

Source of data: VALVIRA. National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health. Register on
Qualified Health Care Personnel, number of persons who have received their qualification in the
calendar year.
Reference period: Calendar year.
Break in time series: Breaks are caused by significant changes in education curriculum and the
number of universities providing education in dentistry.

France

Source of data: Ministere de l?education nationale, de l?enseignement superieur et de la recherche.
Direction de l?evaluation, de la prospective et de la performance (DEPP).
For further information:
http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid1180/direction-evaluation-prospective-performance.html.
Coverage: Data come from a survey carried out in universities aiming at compiling information on the
number of degrees valid at the national level, in metropolitan France and overseas departments and
territories.

Georgia

Source of data: Ministry of Labour Health and Social Affairs
of Georgia and include both, public and private sectors.
Reference period: 31 December.
Coverage: The provided data cover all regions except separatist regions, Abkhazia and South Osetia.
Data for those two regions are unavailable.

Germany

Germany

Source of data:
- 1999-2011: Statistical Offices and Approbation Agencies of the Laender; Bundeszahnarztekammer
(BZAK) 2012, Statistisches Jahrbuch 2011/12, p.60; http://www.bzaek.de.
- 1991-1998: German Federal Association of Sick Fund Dentists.
Coverage: Data contain the number of newly dental licenses in given year.

Greece

Source of data: Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT.).
Coverage: All the data refers to graduates from Greek universities. Data for 1986-1992 not available
as figures cannot be retrieved from publications.

Hungary

Source of data: Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook. http://www.ksh.hu.
Coverage: From 1990 onwards, the data are derived from the ?Report on the number of physicians,
dentists, pharmacists and specialised clinical psychologists with granted diploma? collection.

Iceland

Source of data:
- As of 1996: Statistics Iceland, Register of graduations.
- 1980-1995: Directorate of Health.
Reference period: As of 1996, the calendar year.
Coverage: Students who have graduated in dentistry from the faculty of dentistry in Iceland (UI) in
a given year.

Ireland

Source of data: Higher Education Authority.
Reference period: Calendar year.
Coverage: Universities, Institutes of Technology and Designated Institutions.

Israel

Israel

Source of data: Central Bureau of Statistics. The data are based on personal records of degree
recipients received from all Universities in Israel which include information on subjects of study
and degree received. Dentist graduates include recipients of second degrees in Dental Medicine
(DMD).
Note: The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant
Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the
Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of
international law.

Italy

Source of data: Ministry of Education; ?Survey on Graduates and Exams? carried out yearly by the
Ministry by collecting data from Italian Universities (http://www.miur.it).

Latvia

Source of data: Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) since 2008.
Coverage: The annual surveys collected and compiled by the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) are as
follows:
- on higher education institutions and colleges.
Break in series: 2008: Change in data source.
Note: Source of data prior to 2008 not clear.

Lithuania

Source of data: Statistics Lithuania, data of entire annual survey of education institutions. Report
?Health Statistics of Lithuania?, available from http://sic.hi.lt/html/en/hsl.htm.
The number of graduates fluctuates starting from 1992 due to political and economical changes in the
country, changes in the status of medical institutes (to universities) and medical schools (to
colleges) and changes in studying programmes. Therefore, every year different number of groups of
students of medical specialties is starting the education (and after some years graduating).

Luxembourg

Data not available. The University of Luxembourg does not offer full training for dentists.

Malta

Source of data: University of Malta/Medical Council Register.

Montenegro

Data are not available.

Netherlands

Source of data: Statistics Netherlands, Statistics of university education.

North Macedonia

Source of data: State Statistical Office (SSO), Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Macedonia.
Reference period: 31st December.

Norway

Source of data: Statistics Norway.
- Statistics Norway collects student data from the administrative systems of the various tertiary
institutions. The administrative systems in tertiary institutions create data files in the format
specified by Statistics Norway. Information on completed doctoral degrees is collected from NIFU
(http://www.nifustep.no/English/Pages/default.aspx).
- Tertiary graduation statistics include all individuals who have completed a degree of 2 years or
longer from an educational institution classified by the Standard Industrial Classification as a
tertiary institution. Registration of completed educational activities occurs during the period 1
October in year x, 30 September in year x+1.
- See http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/04/02/40/eksuvh_en/ and then 'About the statistics'.
Coverage: Complete coverage as statistics are based on enumeration of graduates in tertiary
education. Sampling errors and non-response errors do not exist.
Break in time series: Individually based data on completed education have been published annually
since they were first collected in 1973/74 (academic year). Most variables are comparable, but some
have changed. The revised Norwegian Standard Classification of Education
(http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/04/90/nos_c751_en/) recoded education courses to enable
comparison of newer and older data (also including a recoding to ISCED-97). While education courses
are reasonably comparable over time, other variables are not (e.g. coding of institution types).

Poland

Source of data:
- Until 1990: publication of the Ministry of National Education, ?Higher education, basic data?.
- From 1990: Central Statistical Office, reports S-10.
Break in time series: 1990 due to change of data source.

Portugal

Source of data:
- Since 2011: Directorate General of Statistics of Education and Science, Ministry of Education and
Science.
- Between 2006 and 2010: Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education.
- Up to 2005: Ministry of Education.
Coverage:
- Data represent the total number of graduates.

Republic of Moldova

Source of data: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Moldova, National Centre for Health
Management, Annual statistical report N17 ?On staff and cadres of health institutions?.
http://cnms.md/areas/statistics/anyar/.
Reference period: Data as of December 31.
Coverage: Data exclude Transnistria.
Deviation from the definition: Foreign health personnel are not included.

Romania

Source of data: Ministry of Education for the period 1990-1997 data on graduates and National
Institute of Statistics since 1998 till now, Activity of Education Units (Statistical data on
tertiary education) ? annual survey performed by NIS.
Reference period: academic year.
Break in the series: 1996 (Since 1996 including private sector).

Serbia

Source of data: National Statistical Office. http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/ .
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Data for Kosovo-Metohija province are not included in the coverage of data for the
Republic of Serbia.

Slovakia

Source of data: National Health Information Center (submitted data are from the Institute of
Information and Prognosis of Education, http://www.uips.sk).

Slovenia

Source of data: The National Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia, Health
Statistics Yearbook.
Reference period: 31st December.

Spain

Source of data: National Statistics Institute (INE). University Education Statistic.
http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft13%2Fp405&file=inebase&L=0.

Sweden

Source of data:
- Until 1999: NBHW, Yearbook of Health and Medical Care.
- From 2000: National Board of Health and Welfare. National Planning Support (NPS) register.
Reference period: 1st November.
Coverage:
- Data refer to dentists licensed in a given year. Therefore, data include both domestically trained
dentists and those trained abroad who apply for a Swedish license.
- 100 per cent coverage.

Switzerland

Source of data: FSO Federal Statistical Office, Neuchatel; hospital statistics, statistics of
high-level schools, human medicine degree; yearly census.

Türkiye

Source of data: General Directorate for Health Services, Ministry of Health and ESPC Higher
Education Statistics.
Reference period: End of the academic year.
Coverage: Data refer to dentistry school graduates having graduated from a 5-year basic dentistry
education at university.
- In 2013, data have been updated since 1994 as ESPC updates the graduates data, retrospectively,
every year.

Turkmenistan

Source of data: Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan.

Ukraine

Source: State Statistic Department
Graduates of medical faculties with speciality stomatology

United Kingdom

Data not available.