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Number of dentists (physical persons) (Line chart)
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Number of dentists (physical persons) (Bar chart)
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European Health for All database
The following abbreviations are used in the indicator titles:
Indicators: 618
Updated: 04 October 2023
Contact:
The following abbreviations are used in the indicator titles:
• SDR: age-standardized death rates (see HFA-DB user manual/Technical notes, page 13, for details)
• FTE: full-time equivalent
• PP: physical persons
• PPP$: purchasing power parities expressed in US $, an internationally comparable scale reflecting the relative domestic purchasing powers of currencies.
Number of dentists (PP)
Indicator code: E275203.T
Data on dentists (ISCO-08 category “2261 Dentists, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/index.htm) for concept closest to practising is given.
If data for practising dentists is available, then this data is reported. If data for practising dentists is not available, but data for professionally active dentists is available, then the data for professionally active dentists is reported. If data for neither practising nor professionally active dentists is available, then data for licensed dentists is reported.
Note: The number should be at the end of the calendar year.
Practising dentists provide services directly to patients. They include stomatologists/dental surgeons. Inclusion - Persons who have completed studies in dentistry / stomatology at university level (granted by an adequate diploma) and who are licensed to practice - Interns (with an adequate diploma and providing services under supervision of other dentists or dental specialists during their postgraduate internship in a health care facility) - Salaried and self-employed dentists delivering services irrespectively of the place of service provision - Foreign dentists licensed to practice and actively practising in the country Exclusion - Students who have not yet graduated - Dentists working in administration, research and in other posts that exclude direct contact with the patients - Unemployed dentists and retired dentists - Dentists working abroad
Professionally active dentists are practising dentists and other dentists for whom their education in dentistry / stomatology is a prerequisite for the execution of the job. Inclusion - Dentists who provide services directly to patients - Dentists working in administration and management positions requiring education in dentistry - Dentists conducting research into oral health and dental care - Dentists who participate in public action to maintain or improve standards of oral health and dental care - Dentists preparing scientific papers and reports Exclusion - Dentists who hold a post/job for which education in dentistry is not required - Unemployed dentists and retired dentists - Dentists working abroad
Dentists licensed to practice include practising and other (non-practising) dentists, who are registered and entitled to practice as health care professionals in the field of dentistry. They include stomatologists/dental surgeons. Inclusion - Dentists who provide services directly to patients - Other dentists for whom their education in dentistry / stomatology is a prerequisite for the execution of the job - Other dentists for whom their education in dentistry / stomatology is NOT a prerequisite for the execution of the job - Dentists registered as health care professionals and licensed to practice but who are not economically active (e.g. unemployed or retired) - Dentists working abroad_
Indicator code: E275203.T
Data on dentists (ISCO-08 category “2261 Dentists, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/index.htm) for concept closest to practising is given.
If data for practising dentists is available, then this data is reported. If data for practising dentists is not available, but data for professionally active dentists is available, then the data for professionally active dentists is reported. If data for neither practising nor professionally active dentists is available, then data for licensed dentists is reported.
Note: The number should be at the end of the calendar year.
Practising dentists provide services directly to patients. They include stomatologists/dental surgeons. Inclusion - Persons who have completed studies in dentistry / stomatology at university level (granted by an adequate diploma) and who are licensed to practice - Interns (with an adequate diploma and providing services under supervision of other dentists or dental specialists during their postgraduate internship in a health care facility) - Salaried and self-employed dentists delivering services irrespectively of the place of service provision - Foreign dentists licensed to practice and actively practising in the country Exclusion - Students who have not yet graduated - Dentists working in administration, research and in other posts that exclude direct contact with the patients - Unemployed dentists and retired dentists - Dentists working abroad
Professionally active dentists are practising dentists and other dentists for whom their education in dentistry / stomatology is a prerequisite for the execution of the job. Inclusion - Dentists who provide services directly to patients - Dentists working in administration and management positions requiring education in dentistry - Dentists conducting research into oral health and dental care - Dentists who participate in public action to maintain or improve standards of oral health and dental care - Dentists preparing scientific papers and reports Exclusion - Dentists who hold a post/job for which education in dentistry is not required - Unemployed dentists and retired dentists - Dentists working abroad
Dentists licensed to practice include practising and other (non-practising) dentists, who are registered and entitled to practice as health care professionals in the field of dentistry. They include stomatologists/dental surgeons. Inclusion - Dentists who provide services directly to patients - Other dentists for whom their education in dentistry / stomatology is a prerequisite for the execution of the job - Other dentists for whom their education in dentistry / stomatology is NOT a prerequisite for the execution of the job - Dentists registered as health care professionals and licensed to practice but who are not economically active (e.g. unemployed or retired) - Dentists working abroad_
Albania
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source: Ministry of Health.
Deviation from definition: It is difficult to get accurate numbers because of growing private
sector.
Source: Ministry of Health.
Deviation from definition: It is difficult to get accurate numbers because of growing private
sector.
Andorra
Data refers to practising dentists.
NA
NA
Armenia
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Republican Research and Information Health Centre and the National Statistic Service
of the Republic of Armenia, Report form of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia ? 17
?Health employment?, http://healthinfo.am/Statistical%20Report.htm, Statistical book, Armenia,
English version (zip) 2009.
Reference period: 31 December.
Deviation from the definition: Data on foreign dentists licenced to practice or professionally
active are not included due to lack of data. Data on interns and residents are included in the
category ?Other specialties not elsewhere classified? for physicians by category.
Source of data: Republican Research and Information Health Centre and the National Statistic Service
of the Republic of Armenia, Report form of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia ? 17
?Health employment?, http://healthinfo.am/Statistical%20Report.htm, Statistical book, Armenia,
English version (zip) 2009.
Reference period: 31 December.
Deviation from the definition: Data on foreign dentists licenced to practice or professionally
active are not included due to lack of data. Data on interns and residents are included in the
category ?Other specialties not elsewhere classified? for physicians by category.
Austria
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data:
- 1970-2005: Osterreichische Arztekammer - Vollerhebung / Austrian Medical Chamber - total of
members;
- 2006-ongoing: Osterreichische Zahnarztekammer - Vollerhebung / Austrian Chamber of Dentistry
(includes \Dentisten\" and physicians) - total of members. Dentists have their own professional
association since January 1st
Source of data:
- 1970-2005: Osterreichische Arztekammer - Vollerhebung / Austrian Medical Chamber - total of
members;
- 2006-ongoing: Osterreichische Zahnarztekammer - Vollerhebung / Austrian Chamber of Dentistry
(includes \Dentisten\" and physicians) - total of members. Dentists have their own professional
association since January 1st
Azerbaijan
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Reference period: data as of December 31
Source of data: The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Reference period: data as of December 31
Belarus
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: National Statistics Committee of Belarus http://belstat.gov.by/; National Archives
of the Republic of Belarus http://narb.by/
Reporting period: 31 December.
Deviation from the definition: Data on foreign dentists are not included because this information is
not available.
Break in time series: 2007, 2010.
Dental interns are included in this category from 2007 to 2009.
Source of data: National Statistics Committee of Belarus http://belstat.gov.by/; National Archives
of the Republic of Belarus http://narb.by/
Reporting period: 31 December.
Deviation from the definition: Data on foreign dentists are not included because this information is
not available.
Break in time series: 2007, 2010.
Dental interns are included in this category from 2007 to 2009.
Belgium
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: CTI ? INAMI.
Reference period: 31st December.
Break in time series:
- Data from 2000: Number of dentists with a minimal volume of patient contacts, excluding
non-practising dentists, retired professionals and professionals working abroad. Stomatologists are
included in the number of physicians.
- 1985-1999 data: Number of dentists who carried out at least one reimbursed medical act during the
year.
Source of data: CTI ? INAMI.
Reference period: 31st December.
Break in time series:
- Data from 2000: Number of dentists with a minimal volume of patient contacts, excluding
non-practising dentists, retired professionals and professionals working abroad. Stomatologists are
included in the number of physicians.
- 1985-1999 data: Number of dentists who carried out at least one reimbursed medical act during the
year.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source: Public Health Institute of FB&H - Annual report health personnel with university degree by
specialization and sex in FB&H
Public Health Institute of Republica Srpska - Annual report health personnel with university degree
by specialization and sex in Republica Srpska
Source: Public Health Institute of FB&H - Annual report health personnel with university degree by
specialization and sex in FB&H
Public Health Institute of Republica Srpska - Annual report health personnel with university degree
by specialization and sex in Republica Srpska
Bulgaria
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: National Statistical Institute, Exhaustive annual survey.
Reference period: 31 December.
Metadata information: All dentists and maxillo-facial surgeons who worked on a basic labour contract
in outpatient and inpatient establishments, as well as those who practice in other heath
establishments - centres for emergency medical care, centres for transfusion haematology, homes for
medical and social care for children, Hygiene-epidemiological inspections and others.
On 01.07.2000 Bulgaria started its Healthcare Reform and financing of curative medical and dental
care by the National Health Insurance Fund came into force. Recovery of the private practice gave an
opportunity to dentists to practice in individual and group practices for dental care.
Break in time series: 2000.
Source of data: National Statistical Institute, Exhaustive annual survey.
Reference period: 31 December.
Metadata information: All dentists and maxillo-facial surgeons who worked on a basic labour contract
in outpatient and inpatient establishments, as well as those who practice in other heath
establishments - centres for emergency medical care, centres for transfusion haematology, homes for
medical and social care for children, Hygiene-epidemiological inspections and others.
On 01.07.2000 Bulgaria started its Healthcare Reform and financing of curative medical and dental
care by the National Health Insurance Fund came into force. Recovery of the private practice gave an
opportunity to dentists to practice in individual and group practices for dental care.
Break in time series: 2000.
Croatia
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data:ÿCroatian National Institute of Public Health, Health Manpower Register
Coverage: Private dentists and stomatologists have been included since 1993 and maxillofacial
surgeons since 2009.
Break in time series: 1993 and 2009.
Source of data:ÿCroatian National Institute of Public Health, Health Manpower Register
Coverage: Private dentists and stomatologists have been included since 1993 and maxillofacial
surgeons since 2009.
Break in time series: 1993 and 2009.
Cyprus
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Statistical Service of Cyprus, Public sector administrative sources & Pancyprian
Dental Association for the Private Sector.
Validity of the source: For the years 1985, 1987, 1995 and 2000 figures were obtained from the
Census of Doctors, Dentists and Clinics.
Reference period: 31st December.
Source of data: Statistical Service of Cyprus, Public sector administrative sources & Pancyprian
Dental Association for the Private Sector.
Validity of the source: For the years 1985, 1987, 1995 and 2000 figures were obtained from the
Census of Doctors, Dentists and Clinics.
Reference period: 31st December.
Czechia
Data refers to practising dentists.
Czech Republic
Source of data: Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic; Registry of
Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Until 1999, physicians working in other central organs not included. Since the year 2000,
data cover physicians in all health services.
Break in the series: 2000.
Czech Republic
Source of data: Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic; Registry of
Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Until 1999, physicians working in other central organs not included. Since the year 2000,
data cover physicians in all health services.
Break in the series: 2000.
Denmark
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: National Board of Health, Labour Register for Health Personnel.
Reference period: 31st December. Data show the number for January first the following year.
Coverage:
- The term of dentist covers all persons qualified as a dentist with or without authorization to
practice independently in the country.
- Figures cover dentists actively working in municipal dental services, in private practice, in
hospitals/institutions, in the military and in dental colleges.
Source of data: National Board of Health, Labour Register for Health Personnel.
Reference period: 31st December. Data show the number for January first the following year.
Coverage:
- The term of dentist covers all persons qualified as a dentist with or without authorization to
practice independently in the country.
- Figures cover dentists actively working in municipal dental services, in private practice, in
hospitals/institutions, in the military and in dental colleges.
Estonia
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data:
- Annual reports, National Institute for Health Development, Department of Health Statistics.
- 1980-2002 published by Statistics Estonia, interns included
(http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/I_Databas/Social_life/05Health/04Health_care_institutions/04Health_c
are_institutions.asp).
Reference period: 31st of December.
Break in the series: 1991 and 2005.
- Until 1990, in addition to health personnel employed in the system of the Ministry of Health, the
data include the personnel who worked in health care institutions of the Estonian Railway, Estonian
Airway and those belonging to the closed establishments of the Soviet Union.
- The total number of physicians from the year 1991 includes only the data of the Ministry of Health
and the Estonian Railway.
- Until 2004, the data of practising dentists were based on their educational qualifications.
- From 2005, the head count distribution is made according to their main occupational activity.
Source of data:
- Annual reports, National Institute for Health Development, Department of Health Statistics.
- 1980-2002 published by Statistics Estonia, interns included
(http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/I_Databas/Social_life/05Health/04Health_care_institutions/04Health_c
are_institutions.asp).
Reference period: 31st of December.
Break in the series: 1991 and 2005.
- Until 1990, in addition to health personnel employed in the system of the Ministry of Health, the
data include the personnel who worked in health care institutions of the Estonian Railway, Estonian
Airway and those belonging to the closed establishments of the Soviet Union.
- The total number of physicians from the year 1991 includes only the data of the Ministry of Health
and the Estonian Railway.
- Until 2004, the data of practising dentists were based on their educational qualifications.
- From 2005, the head count distribution is made according to their main occupational activity.
Finland
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: THL Health Personnel Statistics; National Institute for Health and Welfare. The data
are based on the Employment Register kept by Statistics Finland.
Reference period: Data refer to information for the whole year.
Source of data: THL Health Personnel Statistics; National Institute for Health and Welfare. The data
are based on the Employment Register kept by Statistics Finland.
Reference period: Data refer to information for the whole year.
France
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: ASIP- RPPS (Repertoire Partage des Professionnels de Sante).
http://esante.gouv.fr/espace-cps/editeurs/le-rpps.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Data refer to metropolitan France and D.O.M. (overseas departments).
- Data cover only dentists providing direct care to patients.
Source of data: ASIP- RPPS (Repertoire Partage des Professionnels de Sante).
http://esante.gouv.fr/espace-cps/editeurs/le-rpps.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Data refer to metropolitan France and D.O.M. (overseas departments).
- Data cover only dentists providing direct care to patients.
Georgia
Data refers to professionally active dentists.
Source of data: Data are based on annual statistical reports collected from health establishments to
the Ministry of Health and include both, public and private sectors.
Reference period: 31 December.
Coverage: The provided data cover all regions except separatist regions, Abkhazia and South Osetia.
Data for those two regions are unavailable.
Note: Only dentists with diploma degree are included in the provided data. Dentists with vocational
secondary education are excluded. Recent significant increase is due to the opening of new small
dental units in small cities and rural areas.
Source of data: Data are based on annual statistical reports collected from health establishments to
the Ministry of Health and include both, public and private sectors.
Reference period: 31 December.
Coverage: The provided data cover all regions except separatist regions, Abkhazia and South Osetia.
Data for those two regions are unavailable.
Note: Only dentists with diploma degree are included in the provided data. Dentists with vocational
secondary education are excluded. Recent significant increase is due to the opening of new small
dental units in small cities and rural areas.
Germany
Data refers to practising dentists.
Germany
Source of data: German Dental Association, Membership statistics of the dental chambers;
http://www.gbe_x005F_x001E_bund.de (Home > Health Care System > Employees and Facilities of Healthcare >
Dentists, Treatment by Dentists > Table (adÿhoc): Dentists) or http://www.bzaek.de.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Data contain the number of dentists that are actively practising in dental care and provide
services directly to patients in dental offices (head-count data).
- The data exclude qualified dentists working abroad or working in administration, research and
industry positions.
- Unemployed and retired dentists and students who have not yet graduated are also not included.
- Physicians with specialty ?dental, oral and maxillo-facial surgery? are counted in Germany as
physicians (specialists) and not as dentists.
- The number of dentists includes those undergoing further training for specialisation.
Germany
Source of data: German Dental Association, Membership statistics of the dental chambers;
http://www.gbe_x005F_x001E_bund.de (Home > Health Care System > Employees and Facilities of Healthcare >
Dentists, Treatment by Dentists > Table (adÿhoc): Dentists) or http://www.bzaek.de.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Data contain the number of dentists that are actively practising in dental care and provide
services directly to patients in dental offices (head-count data).
- The data exclude qualified dentists working abroad or working in administration, research and
industry positions.
- Unemployed and retired dentists and students who have not yet graduated are also not included.
- Physicians with specialty ?dental, oral and maxillo-facial surgery? are counted in Germany as
physicians (specialists) and not as dentists.
- The number of dentists includes those undergoing further training for specialisation.
Greece
Data refers to professionally active dentists.
Source of data: Hygiene Divisions and Sections attached to prefectures, Athens Medical Association
and Pireas Medical Association. Annual Doctors and Dentists survey,
http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A2103.
Reference period: 31st December.
Deviation from the definition: Unemployed dentists are included.
Source of data: Hygiene Divisions and Sections attached to prefectures, Athens Medical Association
and Pireas Medical Association. Annual Doctors and Dentists survey,
http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A2103.
Reference period: 31st December.
Deviation from the definition: Unemployed dentists are included.
Hungary
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data:
Up to 1999: Ministry of Health.
Between 2000 and 2001: Data are estimates from the National Institute for Strategic Health Research
(ESKI) based on the Operational registration of the Hungarian Medical Association.
Between 2002 and 2006: Operational registration of the Hungarian Medical Association.
From 2007: Office of Health Care Authorisation and Administrative Procedures.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Practising dentists reported to the National Register of Physicians.
- Included: Specialised and non-specialised dentists, stomatologists, odontologists,
orthodontologists.
- Since 2000, the registry of physicians has been prepared by the Hungarian Medical Association
(MOK). In the first two years of the transition (until year 2002), the Central Statistical Office
could not provide data. Therefore, these data should be treated very cautiously because of the legal
and the technical system differences of the two registrations.
Break in time series: 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008.
- In 2005, the Hungarian Medical Association (MOK) performed data cleaning in the database deleting
persons due to retirement, death, employment abroad or leaving the profession.
- From 2007, the Office of Health Authorisation and Administrative Procedures (EEKH) ? unlike in the
previous years ? provided data not on the basis of last acquired specialisation but according to the
dominant specialisation practiced during medical work.
- In 2008, the Office of Health Authorisation and Administrative Procedures significantly revised
the data quality of the registry with by calling for refinement, according to the 1997. CLIV. Act.
Source of data:
Up to 1999: Ministry of Health.
Between 2000 and 2001: Data are estimates from the National Institute for Strategic Health Research
(ESKI) based on the Operational registration of the Hungarian Medical Association.
Between 2002 and 2006: Operational registration of the Hungarian Medical Association.
From 2007: Office of Health Care Authorisation and Administrative Procedures.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Practising dentists reported to the National Register of Physicians.
- Included: Specialised and non-specialised dentists, stomatologists, odontologists,
orthodontologists.
- Since 2000, the registry of physicians has been prepared by the Hungarian Medical Association
(MOK). In the first two years of the transition (until year 2002), the Central Statistical Office
could not provide data. Therefore, these data should be treated very cautiously because of the legal
and the technical system differences of the two registrations.
Break in time series: 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008.
- In 2005, the Hungarian Medical Association (MOK) performed data cleaning in the database deleting
persons due to retirement, death, employment abroad or leaving the profession.
- From 2007, the Office of Health Authorisation and Administrative Procedures (EEKH) ? unlike in the
previous years ? provided data not on the basis of last acquired specialisation but according to the
dominant specialisation practiced during medical work.
- In 2008, the Office of Health Authorisation and Administrative Procedures significantly revised
the data quality of the registry with by calling for refinement, according to the 1997. CLIV. Act.
Iceland
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data:
- 2011 and onwards: Icelandic Dentists? Association.
- 2001 - 2010: The Directorate of Health - Register of dentists.
- Until 2001: Icelandic Dentists? Association.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
Before 2011:
- Includes: Dentists who are 70 year old and younger with a permanent residence in Iceland
(Icelanders or foreign).
- Practising dentists - may refer more to professionally active dentists (but the group of
non-practising dentists is small).
As of 2011:
Number of individuals registered as practising dentists by the Icelandic Dentists?Association.
Break in time series: 2011.
Source of data:
- 2011 and onwards: Icelandic Dentists? Association.
- 2001 - 2010: The Directorate of Health - Register of dentists.
- Until 2001: Icelandic Dentists? Association.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
Before 2011:
- Includes: Dentists who are 70 year old and younger with a permanent residence in Iceland
(Icelanders or foreign).
- Practising dentists - may refer more to professionally active dentists (but the group of
non-practising dentists is small).
As of 2011:
Number of individuals registered as practising dentists by the Icelandic Dentists?Association.
Break in time series: 2011.
Ireland
Data refers to licensed dentists.
Source of data: Dental Council of Ireland.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Figures refer to all persons registered with the Dental Council of Ireland. They may include some
dentists not in activity.
- The following are included: dentists employed in private practice, dentists employed in medical
research, dentists employed in public and private hospitals, foreign dentists registered in Ireland
and some Irish dentists living/working abroad.
Source of data: Dental Council of Ireland.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Figures refer to all persons registered with the Dental Council of Ireland. They may include some
dentists not in activity.
- The following are included: dentists employed in private practice, dentists employed in medical
research, dentists employed in public and private hospitals, foreign dentists registered in Ireland
and some Irish dentists living/working abroad.
Israel
Data refers to practising dentists.
Israel
Source of data: The data are based on the Labour Force Survey which is conducted routinely by the
Central Bureau of Statistics and includes persons who had worked for at least one hour during the
week before the survey, for pay, profit or other consideration. Occupation is determined by the type
of work performed by the interviewed person at his place of work, without regard to what he studied
if his work is not in that field. The classification of occupations is based on the classification
of the International Labour Office (ILO): International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO
88.
Coverage:
- Data are for all practising dentists.
- The sample of practising dentists is relatively small and therefore the data are subject to large
variations due to sample errors and wide confidence intervals. Any data analysis should be carried
out with caution.
Estimation method: Moving average of three years (numbers for previous, current and next years) was
made in order to diminish the fluctuations in the numbers. For example, the number of practicing
dentists in 1996 is an average of 1995-1997. The number for 2011 is an average of 2010-2012.
Break in time series: From January 2012, the Central Bureau of Statistics has made a transition from
a quarterly system of measuring labour force characteristics to a new and improved system that
better suits the latest international recommendations on employment and unemployment - Monthly
Labour Force Survey. Therefore the 2012 (original) data refer to the entire labour force (including
the military service) and not to the civilian labour force, as it was before.
Further information:
http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_force_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf.
Note: The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant
Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the
Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of
international law.
Israel
Source of data: The data are based on the Labour Force Survey which is conducted routinely by the
Central Bureau of Statistics and includes persons who had worked for at least one hour during the
week before the survey, for pay, profit or other consideration. Occupation is determined by the type
of work performed by the interviewed person at his place of work, without regard to what he studied
if his work is not in that field. The classification of occupations is based on the classification
of the International Labour Office (ILO): International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO
88.
Coverage:
- Data are for all practising dentists.
- The sample of practising dentists is relatively small and therefore the data are subject to large
variations due to sample errors and wide confidence intervals. Any data analysis should be carried
out with caution.
Estimation method: Moving average of three years (numbers for previous, current and next years) was
made in order to diminish the fluctuations in the numbers. For example, the number of practicing
dentists in 1996 is an average of 1995-1997. The number for 2011 is an average of 2010-2012.
Break in time series: From January 2012, the Central Bureau of Statistics has made a transition from
a quarterly system of measuring labour force characteristics to a new and improved system that
better suits the latest international recommendations on employment and unemployment - Monthly
Labour Force Survey. Therefore the 2012 (original) data refer to the entire labour force (including
the military service) and not to the civilian labour force, as it was before.
Further information:
http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_force_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf.
Note: The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant
Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the
Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of
international law.
Italy
Data refers to professionally active dentists.
Source of data: ISTAT, Labour Force Survey. http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/8263.
Reference period: Annual average.
Coverage: Sample survey.
Estimation method: Estimation from the sample survey. Data are subject to large variations due to
the sample size.
Source of data: ISTAT, Labour Force Survey. http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/8263.
Reference period: Annual average.
Coverage: Sample survey.
Estimation method: Estimation from the sample survey. Data are subject to large variations due to
the sample size.
Kazakhstan
Data refers to practising dentists.
October 2003: Sharp decline after 1995 was caused by the beginning of privatization and subsequent
incomplete reporting from private dentist clinics. Since 1999 special efforts have been made to
collect data also from the private sector. The situation is gradually improving however in 2000 nine
regions (oblasts) and in 2001 three regions out of fourteen failed to report complete data.
October 2003: Sharp decline after 1995 was caused by the beginning of privatization and subsequent
incomplete reporting from private dentist clinics. Since 1999 special efforts have been made to
collect data also from the private sector. The situation is gradually improving however in 2000 nine
regions (oblasts) and in 2001 three regions out of fourteen failed to report complete data.
Kyrgyzstan
Data refers to practising dentists.
NA
NA
Latvia
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data:
- Since 2005: Health Inspectorate of Latvia; Medical Persons' Register.
- 2004 and earlier: Health Statistics and Medical Technologies State Agency.
Reference period: 31 December.
Break in series: 2005: Change in data source.
Source of data:
- Since 2005: Health Inspectorate of Latvia; Medical Persons' Register.
- 2004 and earlier: Health Statistics and Medical Technologies State Agency.
Reference period: 31 December.
Break in series: 2005: Change in data source.
Lithuania
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Health Information Centre of Institute of Hygiene, data of entire annual survey of
health establishments. Report ?Health Statistics of Lithuania?, available from
http://sic.hi.lt/html/en/hsl.htm
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: The number of practising dentists at the end of the year includes all professionally
active dentists excluding those working in administration, health education and research.
The number of professionally active dentists is collected by annual survey of health care
establishments. Response rate for private health care establishments is about 70%. In 2009 there
were 1461 private establishments with license for dental care, of which 478 have not responded to
annual reports. Due to non-response of part of private health care establishments the number of
dentists could increase by approximately 400 persons (or 17%). But such estimation is not done as
it is not clear how many of not responded institutions are actually working.
Break in series: 1997 when compulsory annual survey of private health establishments had started,
and as most of the private health care establishments were dentist institutions, the number of
dentists had increased.
Source of data: Health Information Centre of Institute of Hygiene, data of entire annual survey of
health establishments. Report ?Health Statistics of Lithuania?, available from
http://sic.hi.lt/html/en/hsl.htm
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: The number of practising dentists at the end of the year includes all professionally
active dentists excluding those working in administration, health education and research.
The number of professionally active dentists is collected by annual survey of health care
establishments. Response rate for private health care establishments is about 70%. In 2009 there
were 1461 private establishments with license for dental care, of which 478 have not responded to
annual reports. Due to non-response of part of private health care establishments the number of
dentists could increase by approximately 400 persons (or 17%). But such estimation is not done as
it is not clear how many of not responded institutions are actually working.
Break in series: 1997 when compulsory annual survey of private health establishments had started,
and as most of the private health care establishments were dentist institutions, the number of
dentists had increased.
Luxembourg
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Direction de la Sante - Service des statistiques. Register of doctors and health
professionals.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
Until 1999:
- Includes dentists working in administration and research. Stomatologists included since 1998.
- Retired dentists are not included. However, the end of activity of self-employed dentists is often
noted with some time lag.
From 2000:
- Dentists who do not work in direct contact with patients (laboratories, administration, R&D, etc)
are excluded, and interns are included.
From 2005:
- Stomatologists are still considered dentists, but it should be noted that stomatologists from
Luxembourg are not synonymous with dentist-doctors (they are fully specialised in stomatology).
- dental surgeons are included.
Break in series: 2000 and 2005.
Source of data: Direction de la Sante - Service des statistiques. Register of doctors and health
professionals.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
Until 1999:
- Includes dentists working in administration and research. Stomatologists included since 1998.
- Retired dentists are not included. However, the end of activity of self-employed dentists is often
noted with some time lag.
From 2000:
- Dentists who do not work in direct contact with patients (laboratories, administration, R&D, etc)
are excluded, and interns are included.
From 2005:
- Stomatologists are still considered dentists, but it should be noted that stomatologists from
Luxembourg are not synonymous with dentist-doctors (they are fully specialised in stomatology).
- dental surgeons are included.
Break in series: 2000 and 2005.
Malta
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Malta Medical Council Register data. Collation at Department of Health Information
and Research.
Data for practising dentists is available from end 2009.
Source of data: Malta Medical Council Register data. Collation at Department of Health Information
and Research.
Data for practising dentists is available from end 2009.
Monaco
Data refers to practising dentists.
NA
NA
Montenegro
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: The source for all data submitted is the Institute of Public Health. Some additional
information can be found in Health Statistical Yearbooks available at http://www.ijzcg.me/
Reference period: December 31st.
Coverage: Only data from the public sector. Since 01.01.2008 Oral health care service was moved from
Primary health centers and during 2008 it was organizeding as private service. Only dentists
contracting services with HIF are presented. Only dentists from secondary and tertiary health care
level were included.
Source of data: The source for all data submitted is the Institute of Public Health. Some additional
information can be found in Health Statistical Yearbooks available at http://www.ijzcg.me/
Reference period: December 31st.
Coverage: Only data from the public sector. Since 01.01.2008 Oral health care service was moved from
Primary health centers and during 2008 it was organizeding as private service. Only dentists
contracting services with HIF are presented. Only dentists from secondary and tertiary health care
level were included.
Netherlands
Data refers to professionally active dentists.
Source of data: Social Statistical Database of Statistics Netherlands, BIG Register (official
register of health care professionals) (1999-today).
Reference period: The last Friday before Christmas.
Coverage: Professionally active dentists are estimated as all licensed dentists who are economically
active and live in the Netherlands.
Figures have been rounded to 5.
Source of data: Social Statistical Database of Statistics Netherlands, BIG Register (official
register of health care professionals) (1999-today).
Reference period: The last Friday before Christmas.
Coverage: Professionally active dentists are estimated as all licensed dentists who are economically
active and live in the Netherlands.
Figures have been rounded to 5.
North Macedonia
Data refers to professionally active dentists.
Source of data: Institute for Public Health ?Skopje. Report for health staff in health sector
(3-00-60).
Reference period: 31st December.
Source of data: Institute for Public Health ?Skopje. Report for health staff in health sector
(3-00-60).
Reference period: 31st December.
Norway
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Statistics Norway; Statistics on health-care personnel.
- From 2002 onwards: Statistics Norway; Register-based statistics on employment of health-care
personnel.
- Up to 2001: National Board of Health.
Reference period: 3rd week of November.
Coverage:
- Data up to 2001 show FTE; data from 2002 show head count.
- Data up to 2010: practising dentists are dentists working within HP1-HP3. Dentists working in
administration within HP1-HP3 cannot be separated from dentists working with patients.
- 2011 and onwards: practising dentists include dentists providing services directly to patients.
Break in time series:
- 2002. Comparable time-series cannot be delivered for the years preceding 2002.
- 2011: change in the coverage.
Source of data: Statistics Norway; Statistics on health-care personnel.
- From 2002 onwards: Statistics Norway; Register-based statistics on employment of health-care
personnel.
- Up to 2001: National Board of Health.
Reference period: 3rd week of November.
Coverage:
- Data up to 2001 show FTE; data from 2002 show head count.
- Data up to 2010: practising dentists are dentists working within HP1-HP3. Dentists working in
administration within HP1-HP3 cannot be separated from dentists working with patients.
- 2011 and onwards: practising dentists include dentists providing services directly to patients.
Break in time series:
- 2002. Comparable time-series cannot be delivered for the years preceding 2002.
- 2011: change in the coverage.
Poland
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Interior and Administration, Ministry of National
Defence.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Data regarding dentists are based on head counts.
- Dentists are counted in the main workplace.
- Since 2003: Dentists working in the Ministries of National Defence and Interior and Administration
are included.
- Since 2004: Dentists working as teaching and administration staff are excluded.
- Since 2005: Dentists working in private medical practice are included.
Breaks in time series:
- Since 2003: Dentists working in the Ministries of National Defence and Interior and Administration
are included.
- Since 2004: Dentists working as teaching and administration staff are excluded.
- Since 2005: Dentists working in private medical practice are included.
Source of data: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Interior and Administration, Ministry of National
Defence.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Data regarding dentists are based on head counts.
- Dentists are counted in the main workplace.
- Since 2003: Dentists working in the Ministries of National Defence and Interior and Administration
are included.
- Since 2004: Dentists working as teaching and administration staff are excluded.
- Since 2005: Dentists working in private medical practice are included.
Breaks in time series:
- Since 2003: Dentists working in the Ministries of National Defence and Interior and Administration
are included.
- Since 2004: Dentists working as teaching and administration staff are excluded.
- Since 2005: Dentists working in private medical practice are included.
Portugal
Data refers to licensed dentists.
Source of data: Statistics Portugal / Portuguese Medical Association (stomatologists: for the entire
data series), The Portuguese Dental Association (dentists, since 1985) and The National Association
of Portuguese Dentists (odontologists: for the entire data series).
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Data include all stomatologists, dentist and odontologists, whether practising, active but not
practising, or inactive.
- Information reflects the number of stomatologists registered at the Portuguese Medical
Association, dentist physicians registered at the Portuguese Dental Association, and odontologists
registered at the National Association of Portuguese Dentists.
- Dentists with a declared residence abroad are not included.
Deviation from the definition:
- Dentists working abroad are included only if their declared residence is in Portugal.
Source of data: Statistics Portugal / Portuguese Medical Association (stomatologists: for the entire
data series), The Portuguese Dental Association (dentists, since 1985) and The National Association
of Portuguese Dentists (odontologists: for the entire data series).
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage:
- Data include all stomatologists, dentist and odontologists, whether practising, active but not
practising, or inactive.
- Information reflects the number of stomatologists registered at the Portuguese Medical
Association, dentist physicians registered at the Portuguese Dental Association, and odontologists
registered at the National Association of Portuguese Dentists.
- Dentists with a declared residence abroad are not included.
Deviation from the definition:
- Dentists working abroad are included only if their declared residence is in Portugal.
Republic of Moldova
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Moldova, National Centre for Health
Management, Annual statistical report N17 ?On staff and cadres of health institutions?.
http://cnms.md/areas/statistics/anyar/.
Reference period: Data as of December 31.
Coverage: Data exclude Transnistria.
Deviation from the definition: Foreign dentists are not included.
Source of data: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Moldova, National Centre for Health
Management, Annual statistical report N17 ?On staff and cadres of health institutions?.
http://cnms.md/areas/statistics/anyar/.
Reference period: Data as of December 31.
Coverage: Data exclude Transnistria.
Deviation from the definition: Foreign dentists are not included.
Romania
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: National Institute of Statistics, Activity of Sanitary Units ? annual survey
performed by NIS.
Reference period: data as of 31st December.
Coverage:
From 1970 to 1998, data refer only to the public sector.
From 1999 the data cover all sanitary dentists from public and private sector.
- Dentists (ISCO/COR 2222) are defined as the persons who have completed studies in stomatology at
university level and who are licensed to practice. Dentists? tasks include: making diagnosis, giving
necessary dental treatment, giving surgical, medical and other forms of treatment for different
types of dental and oral diseases and disorders, establish curative and preventive dental
measurement, relished reports and participate to scientific communication in oral health and dental
care.
- The dentists who work in education field as teachers and dentists from health insurance field are
not included as practising dentists. It was impossible to exclude dentists who have administrative
function in health units because separate registrations do not exist.
- Were excluded from dentists: students, unemployed dentists in health field, retirement dentists,
and dentists working abroad, dentists working in sales field even if they work in medical sales (ex.
medical drugs).
Until 2007 dentists working in administration, research and in other posts that exclude direct
contact with patients could not be totally excluded.
Source of data: National Institute of Statistics, Activity of Sanitary Units ? annual survey
performed by NIS.
Reference period: data as of 31st December.
Coverage:
From 1970 to 1998, data refer only to the public sector.
From 1999 the data cover all sanitary dentists from public and private sector.
- Dentists (ISCO/COR 2222) are defined as the persons who have completed studies in stomatology at
university level and who are licensed to practice. Dentists? tasks include: making diagnosis, giving
necessary dental treatment, giving surgical, medical and other forms of treatment for different
types of dental and oral diseases and disorders, establish curative and preventive dental
measurement, relished reports and participate to scientific communication in oral health and dental
care.
- The dentists who work in education field as teachers and dentists from health insurance field are
not included as practising dentists. It was impossible to exclude dentists who have administrative
function in health units because separate registrations do not exist.
- Were excluded from dentists: students, unemployed dentists in health field, retirement dentists,
and dentists working abroad, dentists working in sales field even if they work in medical sales (ex.
medical drugs).
Until 2007 dentists working in administration, research and in other posts that exclude direct
contact with patients could not be totally excluded.
Russian Federation
Data refers to practising dentists.
NA
NA
San Marino
No data for any dentist category.
Serbia
Data refers to professionally active dentists.
Source of data: Institute of Public Health of Serbia, National register on health care human
resources. http://www.batut.org.rs/.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Data for Kosovo-Metohija province are not included in the coverage of data for the
Republic of Serbia. Data from health institutions under the other ministries (military services,
prisons, social services) than the Ministry of Health are not included. Data from private health
sector are not included.
Source of data: Institute of Public Health of Serbia, National register on health care human
resources. http://www.batut.org.rs/.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Data for Kosovo-Metohija province are not included in the coverage of data for the
Republic of Serbia. Data from health institutions under the other ministries (military services,
prisons, social services) than the Ministry of Health are not included. Data from private health
sector are not included.
Slovakia
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: National Health Information Center. Data are provided by the Register of Health
professionals, as of 31 Dec. 2007.
- Recent data are available only for the year 2007. The new Register of Health Professionals was
introduced into operation as of 31 Dec. 2007. Update of Register is not made every year, and
therefore data for practising dentists for 2005, 2006, 2008 are not available.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Stomatologists (dentists practising only in basic field of activity \stomatology\") are
included."
Source of data: National Health Information Center. Data are provided by the Register of Health
professionals, as of 31 Dec. 2007.
- Recent data are available only for the year 2007. The new Register of Health Professionals was
introduced into operation as of 31 Dec. 2007. Update of Register is not made every year, and
therefore data for practising dentists for 2005, 2006, 2008 are not available.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Stomatologists (dentists practising only in basic field of activity \stomatology\") are
included."
Slovenia
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: The National Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia; National Health
Care Providers Database.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Practising dentists are those working in the health-care sector (primary and secondary
care), including public health institutes and the health insurance institute.
Source of data: The National Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia; National Health
Care Providers Database.
Reference period: 31st December.
Coverage: Practising dentists are those working in the health-care sector (primary and secondary
care), including public health institutes and the health insurance institute.
Spain
Data refers to licensed dentists.
Source of data: National Statistics Institute (INE), from the Register of Stomatologists and
Odontologists Council. http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=/t15/p416&file=inebase&L=0.
Reference period: Data as of December 31.
Coverage:
- Data include all dentists \entitled to practice\" registered in the Council of Stomatologists and
Odontologists."
Source of data: National Statistics Institute (INE), from the Register of Stomatologists and
Odontologists Council. http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=/t15/p416&file=inebase&L=0.
Reference period: Data as of December 31.
Coverage:
- Data include all dentists \entitled to practice\" registered in the Council of Stomatologists and
Odontologists."
Sweden
Data refers to professionally active dentists.
Source of data: National Board of Health and Welfare, National Planning Support (NPS) register.
Reference period: 1st November.
Coverage:
In addition to the NACE-codes used to identify practicing dentists the NACE-codes:
75.1 - Public authorities
80.3 - Higher education establishments
are used to identify professional active dentists
- 100 per cent coverage.
Source of data: National Board of Health and Welfare, National Planning Support (NPS) register.
Reference period: 1st November.
Coverage:
In addition to the NACE-codes used to identify practicing dentists the NACE-codes:
75.1 - Public authorities
80.3 - Higher education establishments
are used to identify professional active dentists
- 100 per cent coverage.
Switzerland
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: FSO Federal Statistical Office, Neuchatel; Swiss Dental Association, Bern.
Coverage: Dentists with private practices who contract with social insurance; it can be considered
as appropriate full coverage.
Source of data: FSO Federal Statistical Office, Neuchatel; Swiss Dental Association, Bern.
Coverage: Dentists with private practices who contract with social insurance; it can be considered
as appropriate full coverage.
Tajikistan
Data refers to practising dentists.
NA
NA
Türkiye
Data refers to professionally active dentists.
Source of data:
- From 2000 onwards: General Directorate for Health Services, Ministry of Health.
- Up to 1999: Health Statistics Yearbook - Ministry of Health.
Coverage:
- From 2000 onwards: Dentists in the MoH, universities, the private sector and self-employed
dentists are included.
- Dentists in the MOD-affiliated facilities are not included.
- In 2010, dentists working in the ?Other? Sector (local authorities, municipalities, central
organisation of MoH) are included; they are not included in 2011.
- Dentists acting as managers in the MoH, universities and the private sector are included.
- Dentists who work abroad or have not graduated from school yet are not included.
- Break in time series: 2000.
Source of data:
- From 2000 onwards: General Directorate for Health Services, Ministry of Health.
- Up to 1999: Health Statistics Yearbook - Ministry of Health.
Coverage:
- From 2000 onwards: Dentists in the MoH, universities, the private sector and self-employed
dentists are included.
- Dentists in the MOD-affiliated facilities are not included.
- In 2010, dentists working in the ?Other? Sector (local authorities, municipalities, central
organisation of MoH) are included; they are not included in 2011.
- Dentists acting as managers in the MoH, universities and the private sector are included.
- Dentists who work abroad or have not graduated from school yet are not included.
- Break in time series: 2000.
Turkmenistan
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Report from of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan. ? 17
?Health employment?
Reference period: 31 December.
Coverage: Includes data from institutions under the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of
Turkmenistan, data from other Ministries or sectors not included.
Note: a 21% decrease in numbers of dentists in 2004 is a consequence of the state programme Health
on re-organization of the health institutions with the purpose of rational use of human resources
for health in the country.
Source of data: Report from of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan. ? 17
?Health employment?
Reference period: 31 December.
Coverage: Includes data from institutions under the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of
Turkmenistan, data from other Ministries or sectors not included.
Note: a 21% decrease in numbers of dentists in 2004 is a consequence of the state programme Health
on re-organization of the health institutions with the purpose of rational use of human resources
for health in the country.
Ukraine
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source: Centre of Health Statistics, Ministry of Health.
Coverage: Since 2009, data includes public and private sector.
Deviation from the definition: The persons working in research institutions, teaching medical
students are not included.
Source: Centre of Health Statistics, Ministry of Health.
Coverage: Since 2009, data includes public and private sector.
Deviation from the definition: The persons working in research institutions, teaching medical
students are not included.
United Kingdom
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data:
- England: General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) from the Annual Abstract of Statistics, Hospital &
Community Health Services (HCHS), Dentists from Health & Social Care Information Centre:
http://www.hscic.gov.uk. Medical and Dental Workforce Census;
- Northern Ireland: Hospital and Community dentists data from Department of Health, Social Services
and Public Safety, and General Dental Practitioner data from the Business Services Organisation;
- Scotland: GDP data are sourced from the Management Informati
Source of data:
- England: General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) from the Annual Abstract of Statistics, Hospital &
Community Health Services (HCHS), Dentists from Health & Social Care Information Centre:
http://www.hscic.gov.uk. Medical and Dental Workforce Census;
- Northern Ireland: Hospital and Community dentists data from Department of Health, Social Services
and Public Safety, and General Dental Practitioner data from the Business Services Organisation;
- Scotland: GDP data are sourced from the Management Informati
Uzbekistan
Data refers to practising dentists.
Source of data: Institute of Health and Medical Statistics, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, reporting form 15-SSV “Report on Health personnel by categories”.
Reference period: 31 December.
Coverage: data include personnel working within the system of the Ministry of Health only.
Source of data: Institute of Health and Medical Statistics, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, reporting form 15-SSV “Report on Health personnel by categories”.
Reference period: 31 December.
Coverage: data include personnel working within the system of the Ministry of Health only.